Lejla Demiri, PhD

There can be no doubt about the difficulty in examining such a broad and extensive subject as the references to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in divine texts in a brief and rather limited article. For this reason, there is a need to clearly determine the limits of this study. Firstly, the efforts of Muslim scholars to establish the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad with references to the Holy Bible will be mentioned, and their opinions and thoughts on this issue will be examined. To prevent any ambiguity that might arise by working on the subject in the framework of general history, related opinions and approaches will be mentioned through references to documents from the classical period. The first document that we will discuss is a dialogue text composed in Baghdad (in 165/781 or 166/782) between the Nestorian Patriarch Timothy I (164-208/780-823) and the Abbasid Caliph al-Mahdi (158-169/775-785).