Hejaz Peninsula from the north to the south and from the east to the west, has always interacted with different cultural elements and religious traditions throughout history. This region, which stretches from Palestine-Jordan, known as “the golden crescent” in the north, to Mesopotamia has accommodated many traditions from pagan cultures to monotheistic movements. Assyrian-Babylon paganism worshipped the stars and planets, while polytheistic Greek culture, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Manichaeism have all existed in this region. Apart from these religions, many movements that are known as secret religions and which involve esotericism and mysticism have also thrived here.