The caliphate of Umar (r.a), which spanned the ten years between 634 AD (12 Hijri) and 644 AD (22 Hijri), is regarded as one of the most exemplary, exceptional and idealized periods in Islamic history. 

Mus’ab bin Umayr (ra) came from the Abd ad-Daar branch of the Quraysh tribe, and his family was among the most prominent and wealthy clans of this tribe.

Anas bin Malik (ra) was born in Medina ten years before the Hijra (Immigration). His family belonged to the Najjar clan of the tribe of Hazraj, which was one of the two leading tribes of Medina. 

Hamza (ra) was born in 570, one year before the Prophet (saw), in Mecca. His father is Abd al-Muttalib, and his mother is Hala bint Wuhayb, who was a paternal cousin of the Prophet’s (saw) mother.

He was affiliated with the Daws branch of the tribe of Azd, yet his date of birth is not known. During the period of Ignorance, his name was recorded in various forms as Abd Shams, Abd Amr, Sukain, Amr b. Abd Ghanm. The holy Prophet (pbuh) changed his name to Abdurrahman or Abdullah.

The Companions, who were the first to receive the Quran when it was revealed in the 7^th century, were examples, like the Prophet, both in behavior and practice for those who would come after them due to their sincere affiliation with him.

There is not enough information about the post hijra life of Dihya bin Khalifa (r.a.), who is originally from Southern Arabia and later made a home for himself around the region of Damascus as member of the Kalb tribe. What is known however.. 

Strong affection was shown to Ali because of the praise given to him by Prophet Muhammad. As a matter of fact, Ali was a figure who deeply affected Islamic Sufi thought. His intellect, morality, asceticism and taqwa (piety), in other words the importance he gave to religious life, have been taken as examples by Sufis.

Ahl al-Badr or Ashab al-Badr (The Badr Companions) is the general name given to the companions of Prophet Muhammad who participated in the Battle of Badr, the first great battle in Islamic history.